2006 年,美國華盛頓大學的 Jeffrey Gordon 團隊發表於 Nature 的研究揭開了關鍵線索。他們發現,肥胖個體的腸道菌群不僅不同於瘦者,還具有更高的「能量萃取效率」。換言之,同樣一盤食物,有些人會從中吸收到更多熱量(Turnbaugh et al., 2006)。這個發現改寫了肥胖的生物學定義:代謝效率,部分由腸道菌決定。
我們或許無法改變遺傳基因,但可以選擇餵養對我們有利的菌。綜合現有研究,長期高纖飲食者的肥胖風險較低纖族群降低 約 17–23%(Canfora et al., 2019)。這些數據提醒我們:健康的體質不僅靠節食,而是建立在「菌相共生」的長期關係。
我們不只是吃我們的食物,也在餵養體內的世界。
參考文獻(APA7)
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest.Nature, 444(7122), 1027–1031. PubMed
Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity.Nature, 444(7122), 1022–1023. PubMed
Ridaura, V. K., Faith, J. J., Rey, F. E., Cheng, J., Duncan, A. E., Kau, A. L., et al. (2013). Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice.Science, 341(6150), 1241214. PubMed
De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Goncalves, D., Vinera, J., Zitoun, C., Duchampt, A., et al. (2014). Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits.Cell, 156(1–2), 84–96. PubMed
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., et al. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.Nature, 505(7484), 559–563. Nature
Canfora, E. E., Meex, R. C. R., Venema, K., & Blaak, E. E. (2019). Gut microbial metabolites in obesity, NAFLD and T2DM.Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), 261–273. PubMed
Kootte, R. S., Levin, E., Salojärvi, J., Smits, L. P., Hartstra, A. V., Udayappan, S. D., et al. (2017). Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.Cell Metabolism, 26(4), 611–619. PubMed
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